COVID-19 vaccines may help some cancer patients fight tumors

Category: (Self-Study) Science/Environment

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The most widely used COVID-19 vaccines may offer a surprise benefit for some cancer patients—revving up their immune systems to help fight tumors. People with advanced lung or skin cancer who were taking certain immunotherapy drugs lived substantially longer if they also got a Pfizer or Moderna shot within 100 days of starting treatment, according to preliminary research reported in the journal Nature.

And it had nothing to do with virus infections. Instead, the molecule that powers those specific vaccines, mRNA, appears to help the immune system respond better to the cutting-edge cancer treatment, concluded researchers from MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston and the University of Florida.

The vaccine “acts like a siren to activate immune cells throughout the body,” said lead researcher Dr. Adam Grippin of MD Anderson.

Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. has raised skepticism about mRNA vaccines, cutting $500 million in funding for some uses of the technology.

But this research team found its results so promising that it is preparing a more rigorous study to see if mRNA coronavirus vaccines should be paired with cancer drugs called checkpoint inhibitors—an interim step while it designs new mRNA vaccines for use in cancer.

A healthy immune system often kills cancer cells before they become a threat. But some tumors evolve to hide from immune attack. Checkpoint inhibitors remove that cloak. It’s a powerful treatment—when it works. Some people’s immune cells still don’t recognize the tumor.

Messenger RNA, or mRNA, is naturally found in every cell, and it contains genetic instructions for our bodies to make proteins. While best known as the Nobel Prize-winning technology behind COVID-19 vaccines, scientists have long been trying to create personalized mRNA “treatment vaccines” that train immune cells to spot unique features of a patient’s tumor.

Dr. Grippin and his Florida colleagues had been developing personalized mRNA cancer vaccines when they realized that even one created without a specific target appeared to spur similar immune activity against cancer.

This article and video were provided by The Associated Press.

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[Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine box]

[Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine bottle]

[Teen getting COVID-19 shot in the arm]

Dr. Adam Grippin (interview): “For this study, we looked back at over a thousand patients with lung cancer and melanoma who were treated with immune therapy at our institution. We found that those patients who happened to receive a COVID mRNA vaccine around the time they started that immune therapy lived significantly longer than patients who did not receive a vaccine.”

[Researcher working at an RNA Engineering Laboratory at the University of Florida]

Dr. Adam Grippin (interview): “What we found is that COVID mRNA vaccines act like a siren to activate the immune system throughout the body.”

[RNA Engineering Laboratory at the University of Florida]

Dr. Adam Grippin (interview): “One of the problems with immune therapy is that it only works in patients whose immune systems are already able to kill their cancer.”

[RNA Engineering Laboratory at the University of Florida]

Dr. Adam Grippin (interview): “What we found is that the COVID mRNA vaccine can reprogram immune systems to kill cancer in a way that allows immune therapy to work more effectively.”

[Researchers at the RNA Engineering Laboratory at the University of Florida]

Dr. Adam Grippin (interview): “This data is incredibly exciting because it suggests that mRNA vaccines, even those that are widely available, might be used as a tool to reprogram patients’ immune systems to kill cancer. But even though the data is promising, we must validate this in a phase three clinical trial before we apply these results in clinic. And that’s exactly what our next step is. So we are currently planning a phase 3 clinical trial in which we would have patients who are receiving immune therapy and randomize them to either receive the vaccine with their therapy or not. That is really the best way for us to tell whether these vaccines are actually improving outcomes or not.”

[Researchers looking at a monitor at the University of Florida’s RNA Engineering Laboratory]

Dr. Adam Grippin (interview): “We have been studying mRNA vaccines for 10 years, and we primarily focused on making personalized mRNA vaccines that would be designed for each individual patient. While we were doing that, we discovered that many of the benefits of these mRNA vaccines happen even if you don’t personalize them. And so that was really the discovery that triggered us to look back at COVID mRNA vaccines. Because the COVID mRNA vaccines are widely available, we were able to look back and see how those widely available vaccines impacted survival.”

[Moderna vaccine box]

[COVID-19 vaccine box in a fridge]

[Man receiving COVID vaccination]

Dr. Adam Grippin (interview): “I think that the, you know, really two most important conclusions here are that there’s a potential that a currently available vaccine could improve responses to our patients. And then there’s also, really, we’ve opened the door to the possibility that we could develop even better universal RNA therapeutics to sensitize patients who otherwise wouldn’t respond to immune therapy.”

[Image of a healthcare worker preparing a shot of the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine]

This script was provided by The Associated Press.