Colossal’s attempt to bring back the moa bird reignites the ‘de-extinction’ controversy

Category: (Self-Study) Technology/Innovations

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Colossal announced an effort to genetically engineer birds resembling the extinct South Island Giant Moa—which once could stand 12 feet tall (3.6 meters)—in collaboration with the New Zealand-based Ngāi Tahu Research Centre and Peter Jackson. Together with his partner Fran Walsh, Jackson is investing $15 million.

“The movies are my day job, and the moas are my fun thing I do,” said Jackson, adding that he hopes he sees the project succeed in his lifetime. “Every New Zealand schoolchild has a fascination with the moa.”

Outside scientists say the idea of bringing back extinct species onto the modern landscape is likely impossible, although it may be possible to genetically engineer animals with similar physical traits.

The giant moa project started with a phone call about two years ago. After hearing about Colossal’s efforts to “de-extinct”—or create genetically similar animals to—species like the woolly mammoth and the dire wolf, Jackson asked Colossal’s team, including CEO Ben Lamm, “Are you doing the moa?”

Then Jackson put them in touch with experts he’d met through his own moa bone-collecting. At that point, he’d amassed between 300 and 400 bones, he said.

In New Zealand, it’s legal to buy and sell moa bones found on private lands, but not on public conservation areas—nor to export them.

Paul Scofield, an advisor on the project and senior curator of natural history at the Canterbury Museum in Christchurch, New Zealand, first met the filmmaker when he was summoned to Jackson’s house to help him identify which of the nine known species of moa the various bones represented.

“I thought he might have one or two bones, but not, you know, probably the largest private collection in New Zealand,” said Scofield.

The moa had roamed New Zealand on long legs with huge feet for 4,000 years, until they became extinct around 600 years ago, primarily due to overhunting. A large skeleton of a South Island Giant Moa was brought to England in the 19th century, now on display at the Yorkshire Museum, prompting international interest in the long-necked bird.

This article and video were provided by The Associated Press.

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[Moa rendering]

Beth Shapiro (interview): “To de-extinct the Moa we are collecting DNA from all nine species of Moa. We’ll be comparing the genome sequences to genomes of living birds to identify what it is that made Moa unique, and using the tools of genome editing to make those changes in the DNA sequence of the living close relatives.”

[Moa rendering]

Peter Jackson (interview): “Yeah, it’s uniquely a New Zealand bird, so it’s something that we’ve always been very fascinated with and proud about. So it’s a big thing here. The Moa is a big thing.”

[Shot of Peter Jackson with a friend]

Peter Jackson (interview): “I haven’t associated any movies I’ve made with the Moa. I mean, it’s a separate, it’s like the movies are my day job and the Moa is my fun thing I do.”

Peter Jackson (interview): “You know, in the hope that within a few years we’ll get to see a Moa back again. I mean, that to me, it’s given me more enjoyment and satisfaction than any films ever have.”

[Baby wolves howling]

Beth Shapiro (interview): “The process of de-extinction is that we extract DNA from ancient bones and we sequence that DNA and assemble ancient genomes. We use the tools of computational biology to compare those ancient genomes to genomes from living animals and to identify what made the extinct species physically and behaviorally distinct from living species. We then use the tools of genome engineering to gradually edit the genomes of living species to contain that ancient DNA so that we can bring back those extinct phenotypes.”

[Pup wolves]

Stuart Pimm (interview): “All they’ve shown is that they can snip in a few genes to an existing species. So the claim that they have created the dire wolf is just simply rubbish. You know they’ve put a few, you know, dire wolf genes to create a big white dog.”

[‘Woolly mice’ in the hands of a scientist in a laboratory, created by Colossal Biosciences]

Beth Shapiro (interview): “For every species that’s a candidate for de-extinction, we work with ancient DNA to identify the DNA sequences that made those species unique, and we’re using the tools of genome editing and genome engineering to create those lost phenotypes in living species.”

[‘Woolly mice’ playing on a table in a laboratory]

[Pup wolf in snow]

Stuart Pimm (interview): “I mean this is straight out of, you know, Frankenstein. It’s, it’s an extraordinary hubris that says, you know, that we are all-powerful. Well, you know, we’re not. And the idea is that we can go and destroy nature because one day we can we can pick up the pieces. Well, you know, we can’t. Humpty Dumpty and all the King’s men cannot put Humpty Dumpty back together again.”

[Pup wolves running]

This script was provided by The Associated Press.