Adapting beer amid climate change

Category: (Self-Study) Business

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Climate change is projected to cause declines in hop production in Europe of 4-18% by 2050, according to a study out recently in the journal Nature. Hops declines in Europe mean changes for American producers too.

Climate change is anticipated to only further the challenges producers are already seeing in two key beer crops, hops (which have the biggest impact on flavor) and barley (a necessary ingredient in most beers). Some hops and barley growers in the U.S. say they’ve already seen their crops impacted by extreme heat, drought, and unpredictable growing seasons.

Barley, another essential component of beer, is also being affected by climate shocks and drought. In recent years, researchers studying hops and barley have made changes to try to adapt. Winter barley, which is planted in fall instead of spring, is gaining traction, surprising some academics who were always told spring barley would reign supreme.

Others are developing more drought-tolerant hops. Both are good advances, but the industry will also need to be mindful of its water use overall. Local brewers, growers, and researchers are banding together to make hops and barley that tolerate climate change without sacrificing flavor.

Some researchers are working on varieties of hops that can better withstand summer heat, warmer winters, changing pests and diseases, and less snowfall, which could mean less available irrigation, said Shaun Townsend, an associate professor and senior researcher at Oregon State University. Townsend is working on a project where he subjects hops to drought stress to eventually create more drought-tolerant varieties. It’s no easy task, one that can take a decade, and one that also has to take into account brewers’ main considerations, taste, and yield.

Better hops might still be a technology that’s down the line, but the story of barley improvements is already well underway.

Winter barley may also be desirable for craft breweries that have started emphasizing local ingredients and who want something grown close by, even when climate shocks can make growing barley more unpredictable.

This article was provided by The Associated Press.

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[Beer tap at Von Ebert Brewery]

[Jim Solberg at Von Ebert Brewery]

Jim Solberg (interview): “As developers of new hop varieties at Indie Hops there are a number of things we’re thinking about, and there is a very long-term component to it where In any agricultural crop, you’re having to stay ahead of pests, diseases and more recently we’ve had issues of climate change thrown at agriculture as well. Be it varying temperatures at different times of the year, different levels of rainfall at different times of the year. Sometimes too much, sometimes too little.”

[Hop pellets being poured from a bucket]

[Hop pellets]

Jim Solberg (interview): “Hop breeding is one of the best ways to deal with that. To find genotypes that not only brew well for the brewing of the beer, but stand up better to less access to water, to maybe warmer winters where the winter chill, the overwintering element isn’t there as easily for some varieties. Some deal with that better than others. That’s one thing we’re looking at is having a stable set of hop varieties to grow in the challenging face of climate change.”

[Equipment in brewing room]

[Brewer checking equipment]

[Control panel]

[Steam rising out of brewing equipment]

[Tractor in field at Goschie Farms]

[Workers loading winter barley seed into seeder]

Gayle Goschie (interview): “For me the benefits of growing winter barley is, in my mind, is sort of a bridge of climate change. Going from not understanding what that means, to understanding that we need to be thinking about the future and what our weather and what our temperatures and what the amount of water that we have to do any supplemental irrigation is going to be.”

[Winter barley seed being poured into farm equipment for planting]

[Tractor planting barley seed]

[Gayle Goschie and farmworker before planting]

Gayle Goschie (interview): “It’s been challenging in some ways, just because it’s a new crop for us. But there’s a lot of success that we’ve seen, and the customers that have been excited about it. And again, the ability to have a crop that really requires very little tillage of the soil, so we’re keeping that beautiful soil in place.”

[Seeder in field for planting]

Gayle Goschie (interview): “It’s been interesting to just think about the evolution of climate change as a farmer.”

[Seeder in field]

[Grasses near field and field in background]

Gayle Goschie (interview): “We were certainly looking at it from the research side, for all of agriculture. Looking to see with crops about drought tolerance. What did we have that we were growing. What did we need to be able to maybe make changes to be able to prepare for what was coming. And then all of a sudden, it was not coming any longer, it was here.”

[Gayle Goschie looking out over field]

This script was provided by The Associated Press.