LESSON 16

Goal

I can use reported speech to talk about questions.

誰かの質問内容について伝える間接話法を使うことができるようになる。

Grammar Point

Read the grammar point with your tutor. 講師と一緒にグラマーポイントを読みましょう。

Use reported speech with if, whether, and wh- words to talk about someone’s questions.

誰かの質問内容について伝えるために、if, whether, wh-疑問詞を用いた間接話法の使い方を学びましょう。

Use if to talk about yes/no questions. The form is ask if + [subject] + [verb].
yes/no 疑問文の内容について伝えるには if を使います。形は＜ask＋if＋主語＋動詞＞です。

	DIRECT SPEECH	REPORTED SPEECH
	“Is it cold today?”	Jill asked if it’s cold today.
	“Does Amanda like dogs?”	Kyle asked if Amanda likes dogs.

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My friend asked if Misako is from Japan.

私の友人は、ミサコが日本出身かどうか尋ねました。

I asked if Dylan needs help.

私は、ディランが助けを必要としているかどうか尋ねました。

You can also use whether to talk about yes/no questions. Whether is used less often than if because it sounds more formal. The form is ask whether + [subject] + [verb].
yes/no 疑問文の内容について伝えるために whether を使うこともできます。whether のほうが丁寧な表現となるため、if より使われる頻度が少なくなります。形は＜ask＋whether＋主語＋動詞＞です。

	DIRECT SPEECH	REPORTED SPEECH
	“Is it cold today?”	Jill asked whether it’s cold today.
	“Does Amanda like dogs?”	Kyle asked whether Amanda likes dogs.

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My friend asked whether Misako is from Japan.

私の友人は、ミサコが日本出身かどうか尋ねました。

I asked whether Dylan needs help.

私は、ディランが助けを必要としているかどうか尋ねました。

Use wh- words to talk about wh- questions. The form is ask + [wh- word] + [subject] + [verb].
wh-疑問文の内容について伝えるには wh-疑問詞を使います。形は＜ask + wh-疑問詞＋主語＋動詞＞です。

	DIRECT SPEECH	REPORTED SPEECH
	“How’s the weather today?”	Jill asked how the weather is today.
	“What kind of dogs does Amanda like?”	Kyle asked what kind of dogs Amanda likes.

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My friend asked where Misako is from.

私の友人は、ミサコがどこ出身かを尋ねました。

I asked what Dylan needs help with.

私は、ディランがどんな助けを必要としているか尋ねました。

Sometimes the wh- word can act as the subject.
wh-疑問詞自体が主語として働くとこもあります。

	DIRECT SPEECH	REPORTED SPEECH
	“What’s next to the supermarket?”	Jill asked what’s next to the supermarket.
	“Who ate all the cookies?”	Kyle asked who ate all the cookies.

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My friend asked who likes watermelon.

私の友人は、すいかが好きなのは誰か尋ねました。

I asked what happened.

私は、何が起きたのか尋ねました。

Be careful: For reported questions, you cannot use the inverted subject-verb order like you do with regular questions. Instead, treat the reported speech as a statement.

注意：間接話法で疑問文の内容について伝える場合、通常の疑問文のように主語と動詞の順番を変えることはできません。平叙文（＜主語＋動詞・・・＞の語順の文）のようにします。

I asked if does he like curry.

（間違った文なので日本語訳はありません）

I asked if he likes curry.

私は、彼がカレーが好きかどうか尋ねました。

I asked what kind of curry does he like.

（間違った文なので日本語訳はありません）

I asked what kind of curry he likes.

私は、彼がどんな種類のカレーが好きかを尋ねました。

When reporting questions with ask, it is common to shift verbs back one tense. In many cases, this backshift is optional and does not affect the meaning.* Please use the same verb tense as the direct speech throughout this lesson.**
ask を用いた間接話法を使うとき、一般的に時制は、direct speech （直接話法）の時制の一つ前の時制（例：直接話法で現在形なら、間接話法では過去形）になります。多くの場合、時制の変化は任意であり、意味に違いはありません。このレッスンでは、間接話法の場合も direct speech （直接話法）と同じ時制を使いましょう。

*backshifting verbs will be covered in a future Grammar lesson

時制の変化に関する詳しい内容は今後の文法教材で扱う予定です

**all reported questions in this lesson are correct even without backshifting

このレッスン内で扱われる間接話法の文はすべて、直接話法の時制から変化させる必要がありません

	DIRECT SPEECH	REPORTED SPEECH
	“Where does Daisy live?”	Jill asked where Daisy lives.
	“Where did Cleopatra live?”	Kyle asked where Cleopatra lived.

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My friend asked what time the party is tonight.

私の友人は、パーティが今夜何時か尋ねました。

I asked how the party was last night.

私は、昨夜のパーティがどのようだったか尋ねました。

When reporting questions, be careful with pronouns and possessive adjectives. You may have to change them.
間接話法で疑問文の内容について伝える場合、人称代名詞や所有形容詞に注意しましょう。変化させる必要があるかもしれません。

	DIRECT SPEECH	REPORTED SPEECH
	“Did you send me the report?”	Jill asked whether I sent her the report.
	“When can you call me back?”	Kyle asked when I can call him back.
	“Where should we put our bikes?”	Jill and Kyle asked where they should put their bikes.

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Bill asked if I can help him.

ビルは、私が彼を助けられるかどうか尋ねました。

Dave asked who drove you to the party.

デイブは、誰があなたをパーティに車で送ってくれたのか尋ねました。

My friend asked where her sister was.

私の友人は、彼女の姉がどこにいたのか尋ねました。

Sentence Builder

Build new sentences using the grammar point, the original sentences, and the words in parentheses. The form of some words may need to be changed. グラマーポイント、元の文、カッコにある語句を用いて新しい文を作りましょう。いくつかの語句は形を変える必要があります。

Sarah asked who’s coming to the party.

(ate the last piece of cake)

Sarah asked who ate the last piece of cake .

(wants to go shopping)

Sarah asked who wants to go shopping .

I asked if her sister likes horror movies.

(why)

(whether)

Jim asked when the seminar is.

(where)

(what time)

Tourists often ask where the temple is.

(if they can use dollars)

(what time the last train leaves)

My boss asked whether I’m going to take a vacation this year.

(if)

(when)

He asked if it’s going to snow.

(rained yesterday)

(is hot outside)

Practice

Make new sentences using the grammar point, the quotes, and the picture clues. Change the direct speech into reported speech. More than one answer may be possible.

グラマーポイント、発言、ヒントの写真を用いて文を作りましょう。直接話法を間接話法に変えましょう。複数の回答が可能な場合もあります。

“What time do you usually get home?” – my friend

My friend asked what time I usually get home.

“What time do you usually get home?” – my friend

My friend asked what time I usually get home.

“Was it very cold?” – my mom

“Does Jake go fishing a lot?” – Anna

“Who came to the party?” – Greg

“Where is Frank from?” – my roommate

“Is Becky going to take a break soon?” – my boss

“What time does the post office close?” – my friend

“Does your son like green peppers?” – Anna

“Who can help me?” – my boss

“When did you go to Hokkaido?” – my dad

“Is your birthday in July?” – Greg

Q&A

Answer the questions using the grammar point and your own information.
グラマーポイントとご自身についての情報を用いて質問に答えましょう。

What did you ask a friend recently?

What did a family member ask you recently?

What do restaurant servers often ask in your country?

What did you ask a RareJob Eikaiwa tutor recently?

What do tourists often ask in your country?

What did you ask a family member recently?

What did a friend ask you recently?

What do store employees often ask in your country?

What did a RareJob Eikaiwa tutor ask you recently?

What’s another question that a family member asked you recently?

Feedback

I can use reported speech to talk about questions.

誰かの質問内容について伝える間接話法を使うことができるようになる。

LESSON GOAL ACHIEVEMENT

4 GREAT	3 GOOD	2 FAIR	1 POOR
You were able to use the grammar point very smoothly and naturally. Great job! グラマーポイントをとても自然でスムーズに使うことができました。大変良くできました！	You were able to use the grammar point with minimal difficulty. Good job! 少し困難な箇所があったようですが、グラマーポイントを使うことができました。良くできました！	You were able to use the grammar point but struggled a lot. We recommend taking the lesson again. グラマーポイントを使うことができましたが、大変苦戦しました。もう一度このレッスンを受けることをお薦めします。	You were not able to use the grammar point. Please take the lesson again. グラマーポイントを使うことができませんでした。もう一度このレッスンを受けて下さい。

PERSONALIZED FEEDBACK

ACCURACY

正確さ
文法が正しく使えているかどうか