Goal
I can use passive voice.
受動態を使うことができるようになる。Grammar Point
Use the passive voice to focus attention on the object of an action.
動作の対象（される側）に重点を置くために、受動態の使い方を学びましょう。-
Use the recipient of the action, not the cause of the action, as the subject. The form is be + [past participle]*.
動作を「する側」ではなく「される側」を主語にします。形は＜be＋過去分詞＞*です。
*for more information on how to form regular past participles, please see Grammar High Beginner Lesson 10
*規則動詞の過去分詞の作り方については、Grammar High Beginner Lesson 10 を参照してくださいACTIVE VOICE | PASSIVE VOICE |
|---|---|
|
People invite Chris to every party. |
Chris is invited to every party. |
|
Someone locked the door. |
The door was locked. |
横にスワイプ
The dishes are washed every day.
食器は毎日洗われます。
My mom was interviewed on the street yesterday.
昨日、私の母は通りでインタビューされました。
-
Be careful with irregular verbs. You will have to memorize their past participles.
不規則動詞には注意が必要です。過去分詞を覚えましょう。
IRREGULAR VERB | PAST PARTICIPLE |
|---|---|
|
choose |
chosen |
|
write |
written |
|
grow |
grown |
|
eat |
eaten |
|
speak |
spoken |
|
steal |
stolen |
|
break |
broken |
|
take |
taken |
|
do |
done |
|
find |
found |
|
make |
made |
|
tell |
told |
|
build |
built |
|
buy |
bought |
|
teach |
taught |
|
send |
sent |
|
sing |
sung |
横にスワイプ
Apples are grown in Aomori.
青森ではりんごが栽培されています。
My bag was made in Italy.
私の鞄はイタリアで作られました。
-
Be careful with pronouns. Change object pronouns in active voice to subject pronouns in passive voice.
人称代名詞を使うときには注意が必要です。能動態（動作を「する側」が主語の文）で目的格だった人称代名詞を、受動態では主格に変える必要があります。
OBJECT PRONOUN | SUBJECT PRONOUN |
|---|---|
|
me |
I |
|
you |
you |
|
him |
he |
|
her |
she |
|
it |
it |
|
us |
we |
|
them |
they |
横にスワイプ
I was interviewed on the street yesterday.
昨日、私は通りでインタビューされました。
We were invited to the party.
私たちはパーティに招待されました。
-
Use by to explain who or what caused the action.
受動態で、動作を「する側」を表すには by を使います。
ACTIVE VOICE | PASSIVE VOICE |
|---|---|
|
Anna wrote the email. |
The email was written by Anna. |
|
My friend chose my cat’s name. |
My cat’s name was chosen by my friend. |
横にスワイプ
Our house was built by my grandpa in 1950.
私たちの家は1950年に祖父によって建てられました。
The children were scolded by Mr. Collins.
子供たちはコリンズさんに叱られました。
-
Use the passive voice to ask questions that focus on the object of an action.
受動態の疑問文を使って、動作の対象（される側）に重点をおいた質問をしましょう。
Were you interviewed on the street yesterday?
あなたは昨日、通りでインタビューされましたか？
Where was your bag made?
あなたの鞄はどこで作られましたか？
-
Use short phrases to positively answer yes/no passive voice questions.
受動態の yes/no 疑問文に、短い文を使って肯定的に答えましょう。
POSITIVE ANSWERS
Yes, I am. / Yes, I was.
Yes, you are. / Yes, you were.
Yes, he is. / Yes, he was.
Yes, she is. / Yes, she was.
Yes, it is. / Yes, it was.
Yes, we are. / Yes, we were.
Yes, they are. / Yes, they were.
Q: Were you interviewed on the street yesterday?
A: Yes, I was.
Q: あなたは昨日、通りでインタビューされましたか？
A: はい、されました。
-
Use short phrases to negatively answer yes/no passive voice questions too.
受動態の yes/no 疑問文に、短い文を使って否定的に答えましょう。
NEGATIVE ANSWERS
No, I’m not. / No, I wasn’t.
No, you aren’t. / No, you weren’t.
No, he isn’t. / No, he wasn’t.
No, she isn’t. / No, she wasn’t.
No, it isn’t. / No, it wasn’t.
No, we aren’t. / No, we weren’t.
No, they aren’t. / No, they weren’t.
Q: Were you interviewed on the street yesterday?
A: No, I wasn’t.
Q: あなたは昨日、通りでインタビューされましたか？
A: いいえ、されませんでした。
-
Use the passive voice with not to focus attention on the object of an action that does not or did not happen.
動作の対象（される側）に重点をおいた否定文を作るには、not と受動態を使います。
Pineapples are not grown in Aomori.
パイナップルは青森で栽培されていません。
My bag was not made in Italy.
私の鞄はイタリアで作られていません。
-
In casual spoken and written English, not is usually contracted with be. Please try to use contracted forms throughout this lesson.
カジュアルな話し言葉・書き言葉では、not は通常、be動詞と結びつけて短縮形で使われます。このレッスンを通して、短縮形を使ってみましょう。
FORMAL ENGLISH | CASUAL ENGLISH |
|---|---|
|
is not |
isn’t |
|
are not |
aren’t |
|
was not |
wasn’t |
|
were not |
weren’t |
横にスワイプ
Pineapples aren’t grown in Aomori.
パイナップルは青森で栽培されていません。
My bag wasn’t made in Italy.
私の鞄はイタリアで作られていません。
Sentence Builder
Are the windows locked every night?
-
The sandwich was made by my sister.
-
Terry wasn’t invited.
-
Was your wallet found at the store?
-
No, it wasn’t.
-
It was created by Vicky last year.
Practice
Make new sentences using the grammar point. Change the active voice sentences into passive voice sentences.
グラマーポイントを用いて新しい文を作りましょう。能動態の文章を受動態の文章に変えましょう。（能動態の文章で、主語が下線＿になっている場合は、受動態に変えるときに＜by＋動作を「する側」＞は必要ありません。）
_____ invited me to the party.
My family built this house five years ago.
-
_____ broke my tablet yesterday.
-
Greg did the laundry.
-
Where do _____ grow kiwis?
-
_____ sing that song on New Year’s Eve.
-
Did your mom bake this pie?
-
_____ don’t speak German there.
-
_____ found my wallet!
-
Clara Frank didn’t write Snow Day.
-
When did _____ send it?
-
_____ didn’t teach Spanish at my school.
Q&A
グラマーポイントとご自身についての情報を用いて質問に答えましょう。
-
What vegetables are grown in your area?
-
Were you invited to any events recently?
-
What languages were taught at your high school?
-
When you were a child, were you scolded a lot?
-
In your country, what food is eaten for New Year’s?
Feedback
I can use passive voice.
受動態を使うことができるようになる。LESSON GOAL ACHIEVEMENT
|
4 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
You were able to use the grammar point very smoothly and naturally. Great job! グラマーポイントをとても自然でスムーズに使うことができました。大変良くできました！ |
You were able to use the grammar point with minimal difficulty. |
You were able to use the grammar point but struggled a lot. We recommend taking |
You were not able to use the grammar point. Please take the |
PERSONALIZED FEEDBACK
ACCURACY
正確さ文法が正しく使えているかどうか
