Goal
I can use present perfect tense to talk about duration.
状態の継続を表す現在完了形を使うことができるようになる。Grammar Point
Use the present perfect tense with for, since, and how long to talk about duration of ongoing actions and states.
継続している動作、または状態について話すために、for, since, how long を用いた現在完了形の使い方を学びましょう。-
The base form is have + [past participle]. To make the past participle, add -ed or -d to regular verbs*.
形は＜have＋過去分詞＞です。規則動詞*の過去分詞を作るには、語尾に -ed か -d をつけます。
*for regular verbs that end in [consonant] + -y, change y to i and add -ed
*＜子音字＋-y＞で終わる規則動詞は、y を i に変え、語尾に -ed をつけますREGULAR VERB | PAST PARTICIPLE |
|---|---|
|
work |
worked |
|
live |
lived |
|
study |
studied |
横にスワイプ
I have worked with Erin for a long time.
私は長い間エリンと仕事をしています。
I have lived in Japan for a long time.
私は長い間日本に住んでいます。
I have studied French for a long time.
私は長い間フランス語を勉強しています。
-
Be careful with irregular verbs. You will have to memorize their past participles.
不規則動詞には注意が必要です。過去分詞を覚えましょう。
IRREGULAR VERB | PAST PARTICIPLE |
|---|---|
|
eat |
eaten |
|
ride |
ridden |
|
drive |
driven |
|
take |
taken |
|
see |
seen |
|
know |
known |
|
do |
done |
|
sleep |
slept |
|
teach |
taught |
|
be |
been |
横にスワイプ
She has been at home for a long time.
彼女は長い間家にいます。
We have done yoga for a long time.
私たちは長い間ヨガをしています。
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In casual spoken and written English, have is usually contracted with subject pronouns. Please try to use contracted forms throughout this lesson.
カジュアルな話し言葉・書き言葉では、have は通常、＜人称代名詞の主格＋have＞の短縮形で使われます。このレッスンを通して、短縮形を使ってみましょう。
FORMAL ENGLISH | CASUAL ENGLISH |
|---|---|
|
I have |
I’ve |
|
you have |
you’ve |
|
he has |
he’s |
|
she has |
she’s |
|
it has |
it’s |
|
we have |
we’ve |
|
they have |
they’ve |
横にスワイプ
I’ve worked with Erin for a long time.
私は長い間エリンと仕事をしています。
She’s been at home for a long time.
彼女は長い間家にいます。
-
Use for to talk about the length of time.
どのくらいの間続いているかを表すには for を使います。
I’ve worked with Erin for two years.
私は2年間エリンと仕事をしています。
She’s been at home for a few hours.
彼女は数時間家にいます。
-
Use since to talk about the starting point.
いつから続いているかを表すには since を使います。
I’ve worked with Erin since last year.
私は去年からエリンと仕事をしています。
She’s been at home since ten o’clock.
彼女は10時から家にいます。
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Use how long to ask questions about duration.
どのくらいの間続いているか、期間を質問するには how long を使います。
How long have you worked with Erin?
エリンとどのくらい一緒に仕事をしていますか？
How long has she been at home?
彼女はどのくらい家にいますか？
-
Use not with for or since to talk about the duration that something has not happened.
何かが行われていない状態が続いている期間について話すには、for か since とともに not を使います。
I have not worked with Erin for two years.
私は2年間エリンと仕事をしていません。
She has not been at home since ten o’clock.
彼女は10時から家にいません。
-
In casual spoken and written English, not is usually contracted with have. Please try to use contracted forms throughout this lesson.
カジュアルな話し言葉・書き言葉では、not は通常、＜have＋not＞の短縮形で使われます。このレッスンを通して、短縮形を使ってみましょう。
FORMAL ENGLISH | CASUAL ENGLISH |
|---|---|
|
have not |
haven’t |
|
has not |
hasn’t |
横にスワイプ
I haven’t worked with Erin for two years.
私は2年間エリンと仕事をしていません。
She hasn’t been at home since ten o’clock.
彼女は10時から家にいません。
Be careful: You cannot use the present perfect tense to talk about incomplete actions. Use the present perfect continuous tense instead.
I’ve read this book since last month, but I’m only half finished.
I’ve been reading this book since last month, but I’m only half finished.
Sentence Builder
I’ve done yoga for two years.
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My children have played soccer since last year.
-
I haven’t seen him for three weeks.
-
How long have you lived here?
-
My dad hasn’t traveled abroad since last year.
-
They’ve taken the train to work for two months.
Practice
Make sentences using the grammar point, the words, and the picture clues. The form of some words may need to be changed.
グラマーポイント、語句、ヒントの写真を用いて文を作りましょう。いくつかの語句は形を変える必要があります。
he / do karate / fifteen years
-
they / work together / 2018
-
I / drive / a year
-
how long / she / study Japanese
-
my sister / live in Toronto / six months
-
he / sleep / Wednesday
-
my best friend / teach math / last year
-
how long / you / do yoga
-
I / travel overseas / 2010
-
we / play tennis / many years
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Jenna / eat meat / three months
Q&A
グラマーポイントとご自身についての情報を用いて質問に答えましょう。
-
How long have you studied English?
-
Where do you live, and how long have you lived there?
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What have you NOT done for over 10 years (ex. play volleyball, watch cartoons)?
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Who is your favorite musical artist/group, and how long have you listened to him/her/them?
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What is your hobby, and how long have you done it?
Feedback
I can use present perfect tense to talk about duration.
状態の継続を表す現在完了形を使うことができるようになる。LESSON GOAL ACHIEVEMENT
|
4 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
You were able to use the grammar point very smoothly and naturally. Great job! グラマーポイントをとても自然でスムーズに使うことができました。大変良くできました！ |
You were able to use the grammar point with minimal difficulty. |
You were able to use the grammar point but struggled a lot. We recommend taking |
You were not able to use the grammar point. Please take the |
PERSONALIZED FEEDBACK
ACCURACY
正確さ文法が正しく使えているかどうか
