{"id":18070,"date":"2017-08-03T17:00:14","date_gmt":"2017-08-03T08:00:14","guid":{"rendered":"\/englishlab\/?p=18070"},"modified":"2017-10-20T14:13:38","modified_gmt":"2017-10-20T05:13:38","slug":"20170803","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"\/englishlab\/column\/20170803\/","title":{"rendered":"\u30ed\u30b8\u30ab\u30eb\u306a\u30d3\u30b8\u30cd\u30b9\u6587\u66f8\u4f5c\u6210\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a9e\u5165\u9580"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u30d3\u30b8\u30cd\u30b9\u3067\u6d3b\u8e8d\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u305f\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u80fd\u529b\u304c\u5fc5\u9808\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6642\u4ee3\u304c\u3084\u3063\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30d3\u30b8\u30cd\u30b9\u82f1\u4f1a\u8a71\u3082\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u3082\u3057\u304b\u3057\u305f\u3089\u305d\u308c\u3088\u308a\u5148\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306b\u306a\u308b\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044\u306e\u304c\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067\u30d3\u30b8\u30cd\u30b9\u6587\u66f8\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3059\u308b\u80fd\u529b\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5831\u544a\u66f8\u3084\u4f9d\u983c\u66f8\u3001\u63d0\u6848\u66f8\u3001\u5951\u7d04\u66f8\u306a\u3069\u3001\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u66f8\u5f0f\u306e\u6587\u66f8\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u306e\u306f\u65e5\u672c\u56fd\u5185\u306e\u30d3\u30b8\u30cd\u30b9\u3067\u3082\u540c\u3058\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u5951\u7d04\u793e\u4f1a\u306e\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u3084\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u3067\u306f\u3001\u4e00\u9023\u306e\u3084\u308a\u3068\u308a\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u304b\u3089\u660e\u6587\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30c0\u30fc\u30c9\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\u305d\u3093\u306a\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u30d3\u30b8\u30cd\u30b9\u6587\u66f8\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304f\u3046\u3048\u3067\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u306b\u99b4\u67d3\u307f\u304c\u8584\u3044\u306e\u304c\u300c\u8ad6\u7406\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a9e\u300d\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30ed\u30b8\u30ab\u30eb\u306a\u6587\u66f8\u4f5c\u6210\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a9e\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u89e3\u8aac\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8ad6\u7406\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a9e\u3067\u30ed\u30b8\u30ab\u30eb\u306b\u653b\u3081\u308b\u82f1\u8a9e\u3068\u3001\u66d6\u6627\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a9e\u3067\u76f8\u624b\u306b\u59d4\u306d\u308b\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e<\/h2>\n

\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u30d3\u30b8\u30cd\u30b9\u6587\u66f8\u306e\u7279\u5fb4\u306f\u3001\u300c\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u306a\u69cb\u9020\u300d<\/span>\u3092\u5927\u5207\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u307e\u305a\u30a8\u30c3\u30bb\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u624b\u306b\u4f1d\u3048\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3092\u3075\u307e\u3048\u3066\u300c\u3044\u3064\u305d\u3046\u3057\u305f\u306e\u304b\u300d\u3001\u300c\u3069\u3046\u3057\u3066\u3060\u3063\u305f\u306e\u304b\u300d\u306a\u3069\u7d30\u304b\u3044\u8aac\u660e\u304c\u5c55\u958b\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u7d50\u8ad6\u3092\u5148\u884c\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u8aad\u307f\u624b\u72ec\u81ea\u306e\u60f3\u50cf\u306e\u4f59\u5730\u3084\u8aa4\u89e3\u306e\u304a\u305d\u308c\u3092\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3060\u3051\u6392\u9664\u3057\u3001\u8aac\u5f97\u529b\u3092\u6301\u305f\u305b\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u4e00\u9023\u306e\u6d41\u308c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u524d\u5f8c\u306e\u6587\u8108\u3092\u3064\u306a\u3050\u8ad6\u7406\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a9e(logical conjunction)<\/span>\u3092\u99c6\u4f7f\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3001\u8ad6\u7406\u304c\u5c55\u958b\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3053\u308c\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u30d3\u30b8\u30cd\u30b9\u6587\u66f8\u306f\u3001\u300c\u3042\u308a\u300d\u3001\u300c\u304a\u308a\u300d\u3001\u300c\uff5e\u3057\u300d\u3001\u300c\uff5e\u3067\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u3001\u8907\u6570\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u6027\u3092\u793a\u5506\u3059\u308b\u66d6\u6627\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a9e\uff08ambiguous conjunction)<\/span>\u306e\u591a\u7528\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u591a\u5f69\u306a\u60c5\u5831\u304c\u4ea4\u5dee\u3059\u308b\u6d41\u308c\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u66d6\u6627\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a9e\u3068\u306f\u3001\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3068\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u306e\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308a\u304c\u306f\u3063\u304d\u308a\u3057\u306a\u3044\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a9e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u305f\u3081\u6587\u66f8\u306b\u5f37\u3044\u8aac\u5f97\u6027\u304c\u306a\u304f\u3001\u8aad\u307f\u624b\u304c\u72ec\u81ea\u306b\u89e3\u91c8\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u4f59\u5730\u3092\u6b8b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u70b9\u304c\u7279\u5fb4\u7684\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\u30de\u30c3\u30ad\u30f3\u30bc\u30fc\u3001JP\u30e2\u30eb\u30ac\u30f3\u3067\u6d3b\u8e8d\u3057\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u306f\u7b51\u6ce2\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u5ba2\u54e1\u6559\u6388\u3092\u52d9\u3081\u308b\u9ad9\u6749\u5c1a\u5b5d\u6c0f\u306f\u8457\u66f8\u300e\u82f1\u8a9e\u30d3\u30b8\u30cd\u30b9\u30c9\u30ad\u30e5\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u30fb\u30e9\u30a4\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u306e\u6280\u8853\u300f<\/a>\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3001\u300c\u8ad6\u7406\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a9e\u306e\u6d3b\u7528\u306f\u3001\u660e\u77ad\u8868\u73fe\u306e\u5927\u5207\u306a\u8981\u7d20\u300d\u3068\u8a9e\u308a\u3001\u540c\u6642\u306b\u30d3\u30b8\u30cd\u30b9\u30c9\u30ad\u30e5\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u306e\u30e9\u30a4\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u3067\u306f\u3001\u300c\u660e\u77ad\u306a\u63a5\u7d9a\u306f\u3001\u66f8\u304d\u624b\u306e\u8cac\u4efb\u300d\u3060\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u30d3\u30b8\u30cd\u30b9\u306e\u6587\u66f8\u306f\u660e\u77ad\u3001\u8aac\u5f97\u578b\u3067<\/h3>\n

\u305d\u3082\u305d\u3082\u30d3\u30b8\u30cd\u30b9\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6587\u66f8\u4f5c\u6210\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u306f\u3001\u300c\u8aad\u3080\u76f8\u624b\u306b\u3001\u66f8\u304d\u624b\u304c\u671b\u3080\u884c\u52d5\u3092\u3068\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3046\u300d\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u6587\u66f8\u306f\u3001\u4e0a\u8a18\u3057\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306b\u300c\uff5e\u3057\u300d\u300c\u304a\u308a\u300d\u300c\u3042\u308a\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u66d6\u6627\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a9e\u3067\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308c\u305f\u5a49\u66f2\u306a\u8a00\u3044\u56de\u3057\u304c\u591a\u304f\u3001\u89e3\u91c8\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u624b\u306e\u60f3\u50cf\u306b\u59d4\u306d\u308b\u50be\u5411\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u540c\u58eb\u306e\u8aad\u307f\u624b\u3068\u66f8\u304d\u624b\u304c\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u6587\u66f8\u3092\u4ea4\u308f\u3059\u5834\u5408\u306b\u306f\u3001\u300c\u3042\u3046\u3093\u306e\u547c\u5438\u300d\u3067\u884c\u9593\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u53d6\u308a\u3001\u30cb\u30e5\u30a2\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u3042\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3092\u671f\u5f85\u3067\u304d\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u30d3\u30b8\u30cd\u30b9\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u540c\u3058\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8aad\u307f\u624b\u306b\u89e3\u91c8\u3092\u59d4\u306d\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u5371\u967a\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u30d3\u30b8\u30cd\u30b9\u306e\u4e16\u754c\u3067\u306f\u3001\u66f8\u304d\u624b\u3068\u8aad\u307f\u624b\u304c\u7570\u306a\u308b\u6587\u5316\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u3084\u5546\u7fd2\u6163\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3053\u3068\u304c\u666e\u901a\u3067\u3059\u304b\u3089\u3001\u540c\u3058\u6587\u9762\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u540c\u3058\u89e3\u91c8\u3092\u3059\u308b\u3068\u306f\u9650\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u8aad\u307f\u624b\u304b\u3089\u300c\u4f55\u3068\u306a\u304f\u300d\u7406\u89e3\u3084\u5171\u611f\u3092\u5f97\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u8aad\u307f\u624b\u4f9d\u5b58\u578b\u306e\u6587\u66f8\u30b9\u30bf\u30a4\u30eb\u306f\u3001\u30d3\u30b8\u30cd\u30b9\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u5893\u7a74\u3092\u6398\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308a\u304b\u306d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3042\u304f\u307e\u3067\u305d\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u30b9\u30bf\u30a4\u30eb\u306f\u3001\u8aad\u307f\u624b\u306e\u8aa4\u89e3\u3092\u751f\u307e\u306a\u3044\u3088\u3046\u660e\u77ad\u3067\u3042\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3082\u3001\u6b21\u7ae0\u3067\u7d39\u4ecb\u3059\u308b\u8ad6\u7406\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a9e\u306e\u6d3b\u7528\u304c\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u6301\u3061\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u3067\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u9593\u306e\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308a\u3092\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u3057\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u5168\u4f53\u306b\u30e1\u30ea\u30cf\u30ea\u3068\u8aac\u5f97\u529b\u3092\u6301\u305f\u305b\u3001\u8aa4\u89e3\u306e\u751f\u307e\u308c\u308b\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u3092\u8efd\u6e1b\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u9593\u306e\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308a\u3092\u660e\u77ad\u306b\u3057\u3001\u8aac\u5f97\u529b\u3092\u5897\u3059\u8ad6\u7406\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a9e<\/h2>\n

\"conjunction_03\"\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u30d3\u30b8\u30cd\u30b9\u6587\u66f8\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3059\u308b\u4e0a\u3067\u306f\u3068\u308a\u308f\u3051\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u3001\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u9593\u306e\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308a\u3092\u660e\u89e3\u306b\u3059\u308b\u300c\u8ad6\u7406\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a9e\u300d\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u306b\u306f\u306a\u3058\u307f\u304c\u8584\u3044\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3001\u3053\u3053\u3067\u3053\u306e\u8a00\u8449\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u89e3\u8aac\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8ad6\u7406\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a9e\u3068\u306f\u3001\u524d\u5f8c\u306e\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u6027\u3092\u8868\u3059\u3064\u306a\u304e\u8a00\u8449\u5168\u822c<\/span>\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3064\u306a\u304e\u8a00\u8449\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3068\u3001because\u3084while\u306a\u3069\u3001\u6587\u6cd5\u4e0a\u306e\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\uff08conjunction\uff09\u3092\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u3057\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5e\u306b\u9650\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002due to\uff08\uff5e\u304c\u539f\u56e0\u3067\uff09, except for\uff08\uff5e\u3092\u9664\u3044\u3066\u306f\uff09, by means of\uff08\uff5e\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\uff09 \u306a\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5\u3082\u542b\u307f\u307e\u3059\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001nevertheless\uff08\u305d\u308c\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\uff09, similarly\uff08\u540c\u69d8\u306b\uff09, for example\uff08\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\uff09, in addition\uff08\uff5e\u306b\u52a0\u3048\u3066\uff09, as a result\uff08\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u3057\u3066\uff09 \u306a\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u526f\u8a5e\u3084\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5\u3082\u542b\u307e\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306f\u3001\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306a\u6587\u7ae0\u306b\u306f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u306a\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3057\u3001\u5927\u304d\u304f\u3044\u3048\u3070\u6b21\u306e3\u7a2e\u985e\u306b\u5206\u3051\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

(1)\u9806\u63a5\u4ed8\u52a0\u3008conjunctive\u3009\uff1a\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2\u3068\u9006\u63a5\u4ee5\u5916\u306e\u3001\u4f55\u304b\u3057\u3089\u306e\u8ffd\u52a0\u7684\u306a\u95a2\u4fc2<\/span>\u3092\u8868\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span>
\n\u300cA\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001B\u300d\u3001\u300cA\u306b\u52a0\u3048\u3066B\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3088\u3046\u306b\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u4ed8\u52a0\u3057\u305f\u308a\u88dc\u8db3\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u3068\u304d\u306e\u8868\u73fe\u3067\u3059\u3002\u7d30\u304b\u304f\u3044\u3048\u3070\u3001\u8ffd\u52a0\u3001\u5bfe\u6bd4\u3001\u89e3\u8aac\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u3001\u9078\u629e\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u533a\u5206\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

(2)\u9806\u63a5\u8ad6\u8a3c\u3008argumentative\u3009\uff1a\u4f55\u304b\u3057\u3089\u306e\u56e0\u679c\u95a2\u4fc2<\/span>\u3092\u8868\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span>
\n\u300cA\u3001\u306a\u305c\u306a\u3089B\u300d\u3001\u300cA\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3086\u3048\u306bB\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3088\u3046\u306b\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u7d50\u8ad6\u3068\u6839\u62e0\u3067\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u3051\u308b\u3068\u304d\u306e\u8868\u73fe\u3067\u3059\u3002\u7d30\u304b\u304f\u3044\u3048\u3070\u3001\u7406\u7531\u3001\u5e30\u7d50\u3001\u624b\u6bb5\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u306a\u3069\u306b\u533a\u5206\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

(3)\u9006\u63a5\u3008adversative\u3009\uff1a\u5148\u884c\u3059\u308b\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u306b\u53cd\u3059\u308b\u5c55\u958b<\/span>\u3092\u8868\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span>
\n\u300cA\u3001\u3057\u304b\u3057B\u300d\u304c\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308a\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u7d30\u304b\u304f\u306f\u3001\u53cd\u8ee2\u3001\u5236\u9650\u3001\u8b72\u6b69\u3001\u8ee2\u63db\u306a\u3069\u306b\u533a\u5206\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8ad6\u7406\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a9e\u306e\u6587\u4f8b<\/h2>\n

\"conjunction_04\"<\/p>\n

\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a9e\u306e\u7528\u4f8b\u3092\u6319\u3052\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

(1)\u9806\u63a5\u4ed8\u52a0\u3008conjunctive\u3009<\/h3>\n

\uff1c\u4f55\u304b\u3092\u8ffd\u52a0\u3057\u305f\u308a\u88dc\u8db3\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u5834\u9762\u3067\uff1e<\/h4>\n

\u25c6 \u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5eand<\/span>\uff1a\u304a\u3088\u3073
\nEarly to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.<\/span>
\n\uff08\u65e9\u5bdd\u65e9\u8d77\u304d\u306f\u3001\u4eba\u3092\u5065\u5eb7\u306b\u3001\u91d1\u6301\u3061\u306b\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u307e\u305f\u8ce2\u660e\u306b\u3059\u308b\uff08\u3053\u3068\u308f\u3056\uff09\uff09<\/font>
\n\uff0a3\u3064\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u8a9e\u53e5\u3092\u7d50\u3076\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u901a\u5e38\u3001A, B and C\u306e\u5f62\u3092\u3068\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span>
\n\uff0ain addition\uff08\u52a0\u3048\u3066\uff09, besides\uff08\u3055\u3089\u306b\uff09\u306a\u3069\u3082\u3088\u304f\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span> <\/p>\n

\uff1c2\u3064\u306e\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u4e26\u884c\u3055\u305b\u305f\u308a\u6642\u7cfb\u5217\u3067\u3064\u306a\u3044\u3060\u308a\u3059\u308b\u5834\u9762\u3067\uff1e<\/h4>\n

\u25c6 \u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5eon the other hand<\/span>\uff1a\u4ed6\u65b9
\nFood was abundant, on the other hand water was running short.<\/span>
\n\uff08\u98df\u3079\u7269\u306f\u8c4a\u5bcc\u3060\u3063\u305f\u304c\u3001\u4ed6\u65b9\u3067\u6c34\u304c\u4e0d\u8db3\u3057\u3066\u304d\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002\uff09<\/font><\/p>\n

\u25c6 \u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5ebefore<\/span>\uff1a\uff5e\u306e\u524d
\nBefore you leave, make sure you submit the assignment.<\/span>
\n\uff08\u51fa\u304b\u3051\u308b\u524d\u306b\u3001\u8ab2\u984c\u306e\u63d0\u51fa\u3092\u3057\u306a\u3055\u3044\u3002\uff09<\/font><\/p>\n

\uff1c\u524d\u306e\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u89e3\u8aac\u3057\u305f\u308a\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u5834\u9762\u3067\uff1e<\/h4>\n

\u25c6\u63a5\u7d9a\u526f\u8a5efor example<\/span>\uff1a\u4f8b\u3048\u3070
\nHe visited several cities in Italy, for example Rome and Milan.<\/span>
\n\uff08\u5f7c\u306f\u30a4\u30bf\u30ea\u30a2\u306e\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e\u90fd\u5e02\u3092\u8a2a\u308c\u305f\u3001\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u30ed\u30fc\u30de\u3068\u30df\u30e9\u30ce\u3092\u3002\uff09<\/font>
\n\uff0ain short\uff08\u8981\u7d04\u3059\u308b\u3068\uff09\u3001in other words\uff08\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u308c\u3070\uff09\u306a\u3069\u3082\u3088\u304f\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\uff1c\u524d\u5f8c\u306e\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u3092\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u3067\u3064\u306a\u3050\u5834\u9762\u3067\uff1e<\/h4>\n

\u25c6 \u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5eif<\/span>\uff1a\u3082\u3057\uff5e\u306a\u3089\u3070
\nIf you go to Tokyo, please let me know.<\/span>
\n\uff08\u3082\u3057\u6771\u4eac\u306b\u884c\u304f\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3001\u6559\u3048\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002\uff09<\/font><\/p>\n

\u25c6 \u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5eas if<\/span>\uff1a\u307e\u308b\u3067\uff5e\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b
\nYou look tired as if you are sick.<\/span>
\n\uff08\u3042\u306a\u305f\u306f\u75b2\u308c\u3066\u898b\u3048\u308b\u3001\u307e\u308b\u3067\u75c5\u6c17\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3002\uff09<\/font><\/p>\n

\uff1c\u9078\u629e\uff1e<\/h4>\n

\u25c6\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5eor<\/span>\uff1a\u3069\u3061\u3089\u304b\u3000
\nYou can have tea or coffee.<\/span>
\n\uff08\u3042\u306a\u305f\u306f\u7d05\u8336\u304b\u30b3\u30fc\u30d2\u30fc\u3092\u9078\u3076\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\uff09<\/font>
\n\uff0aelse\uff08\u3055\u3082\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\uff09\u3001otherwise\uff08\u3067\u306a\u3044\u3068\uff09\u306a\u3069\u3082\u3088\u304f\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

(2)\u9806\u63a5\u8ad6\u8a3c\u3008argumentative\u3009<\/h3>\n

\uff1c\u524d\u5f8c\u306e\u6587\u8108\u3092\u3001\u7406\u7531\u3065\u3051\u3067\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u3051\u308b\u5834\u9762\u3067\uff1e<\/h4>\n

\u25c6\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5ebecause<\/span>\uff1a\u306a\u305c\u306a\u3089
\nBecause he was late, we could not catch the train.<\/span>
\n\uff08\u300c\u5f7c\u304c\u9045\u308c\u305f\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6211\u3005\u306f\u305d\u306e\u5217\u8eca\u306b\u4e57\u308c\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002\uff09<\/font><\/p>\n

\u25c6 \u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5enow that<\/span>\uff1a\uff5e\u3057\u305f\u4eca\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u306f
\nNow that my mother was dead, \uff29owned the store.<\/span>
\n\uff08\u79c1\u306e\u6bcd\u304c\u4ea1\u304f\u306a\u3063\u305f\u305f\u3081\u3001\u79c1\u304c\u304a\u5e97\u3092\u6240\u6709\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\uff09<\/font><\/p>\n

\uff1c\u524d\u5f8c\u306e\u6587\u8108\u3092\u3001\u7d50\u8ad6\u3065\u3051\u3067\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u3051\u308b\u5834\u9762\u3067\uff1e<\/h4>\n

\u25c6 \u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5eso<\/span>\uff1a\u3067\u3059\u306e\u3067
\nHe did not work yesterday, so he got fired.<\/span>
\n\uff08\u5f7c\u306f\u6628\u65e5\u6765\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3001\u306a\u306e\u3067\u89e3\u96c7\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\uff09<\/font><\/p>\n

\u25c6\u526f\u8a5e\u53e5as a result<\/span>\uff1a\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u3057\u3066
\nAs a result ,the problem has been resolved.<\/span>
\n\uff08\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u554f\u984c\u306f\u89e3\u6c7a\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\uff09<\/font><\/p>\n

\uff1c\u624b\u6bb5\uff1e<\/h4>\n

\u25c6\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\u53e5by means of<\/span>\uff1a\uff5e\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066
\nWe express our thoughts by means of words.<\/span>
\n\uff08\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u8a00\u8449\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u601d\u60f3\u3092\u8868\u73fe\u3059\u308b.\uff09<\/font>
\n\uff0aby\uff08\uff5e\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\uff09\u3001by way of\uff08\uff5e\u3092\u624b\u6bb5\u3068\u3057\u3066\uff09\u306a\u3069\u3082\u3088\u304f\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\uff1c\u76ee\u7684\uff1e<\/h4>\n

\u25c6 \u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5eso that<\/span>\uff1a\uff5e\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b
\nSwitch the light on so that we can see what it is.<\/span>
\n\uff08\u305d\u308c\u304c\u4f55\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u304c\u898b\u3048\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u660e\u304b\u308a\u3092\u3064\u3051\u306a\u3055\u3044\u3002\uff09<\/font>
\n\uff0ain order to\uff08\uff5e\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\uff09\u3001for the purpose of\uff08\uff5e\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u3067\uff09\u3082\u983b\u7e41\u306b\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

(3)\u9006\u63a5\u3008adversative\u3009<\/h3>\n

\uff1c\u524d\u5f8c\u306e\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u3092\u3001\u53cd\u5bfe\u306e\u610f\u5473\u3067\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u3051\u308b\u5834\u9762\u3067\uff08\u53cd\u8ee2\uff09\uff1e<\/h4>\n

\u25c6\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5ebut<\/span>\uff1a\u3057\u304b\u3057
\nI went to the gym, but it was closed already.<\/span>
\n\uff08\u79c1\u306f\u30b8\u30e0\u306b\u884c\u3063\u305f\u304c\u3001\u65e2\u306b\u9589\u307e\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002\uff09<\/font><\/p>\n

\u25c6\u526f\u8a5enevertheless<\/span>\uff1a\u305d\u308c\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a
\nHe was very tired; nevertheless he went on walking.<\/span>
\n\uff08\u5f7c\u306f\u3068\u3066\u3082\u75b2\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u304c, \u305d\u308c\u3067\u3082\u6b69\u304d\u7d9a\u3051\u305f\uff09<\/font>
\n\uff0ahowever\uff08\u3057\u304b\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\uff09\u3001despite\uff08\uff5e\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\uff09\u306a\u3069\u3082\u3088\u304f\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\uff1c\u5236\u9650\u3092\u3064\u3051\u3066\u3001\u524d\u5f8c\u306e\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30ba\u3092\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u3051\u308b\u5834\u9762\u3067\uff1e<\/h4>\n

\u25c6 \u63a5\u7d9a\u8a5ealthough<\/span>\uff1a\u3060\u3051\u308c\u3069\u3082
\nAlthough it was very late, he decided to go out.<\/span>
\n\uff08\u3068\u3066\u3082\u9045\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3051\u308c\u3069\u3001\u5f7c\u306f\u51fa\u304b\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3057\u305f\u3002\uff09<\/font>
\n\uff0aeven if\uff08\u305f\u3068\u3048\uff5e\u3060\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3082\uff09\u3001even though\uff08\uff5e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3051\u308c\u3069\u3082\uff09\u306a\u3069\u3082\u3042\u3066\u306f\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\uff1c\u8a71\u984c\u3092\u4e00\u8ee2\u3055\u305b\u3001\u65b0\u3057\u304f\u5207\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u308b\u5834\u9762\u3067\uff1e<\/h4>\n

\u25c6\u63a5\u7d9a\u526f\u8a5eby the way<\/span> \uff1a\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3067
\nBy the way, have you read this book?<\/span>
\n\uff08\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3067 \u3053\u306e\u672c\u3092\u304a\u8aad\u307f\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304b\uff1f\uff09<\/font>
\n\uff0aanyway, anyhow\uff08\u3068\u306b\u304b\u304f\uff09\u306a\u3069\u3082\u983b\u7e41\u306b\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u307e\u3068\u3081<\/h2>\n

\u30d3\u30b8\u30cd\u30b9\u6587\u66f8\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u8aad\u307f\u624b\u304c\u4f5c\u6210\u610f\u56f3\u3068\u7570\u306a\u308b\u89e3\u91c8\u3092\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u66f8\u304d\u624b\u5074\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u547d\u53d6\u308a\u306b\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308a\u304b\u306d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u591a\u69d8\u306a\u4e16\u754c\u89b3\u30fb\u30d0\u30c3\u30af\u30b0\u30e9\u30a6\u30f3\u30c9\u3092\u6301\u3064\u8aad\u307f\u624b\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u660e\u89e3\u306a\u8ad6\u7406\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8aac\u5f97\u6027\u306e\u3042\u308b\u6587\u66f8\u3092\u793a\u3059\u306e\u306f\u3001\u7c21\u5358\u306a\u3053\u3068\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u624b\u52a9\u3051\u3068\u306a\u308b\u306e\u304c\u8ad6\u7406\u63a5\u7d9a\u8a9e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

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