Unlocking Word Meanings
Read the following words/expressions found in today’s article.
- cascade / kæsˈkeɪd / (v) – to flow downward
Example:Her long, wavy hair cascades to her waist.
- severely / səˈvɪrli / (adv) – in a bad or serious way
Example:The car was severely damaged after it got hit by a truck.
- trigger / ˈtrɪg ər / (v) – to cause something to happen
Example:Heavy rains triggered the landslides.
- erosive / ɪˈroʊ sɪv / (adj) – causing something to be washed or worn away
Example:Many trees are planted to prevent erosive flash floods.
- potentially / pəˈtɛn ʃə li / (adv) – in a manner that has the possibility of being real
Example:The construction of the dam can potentially destroy the animals’ shelter.
Article
Read the text below.
The 150-meter San Rafael Waterfall disappeared because of a sinkhole.
Considered the tallest waterfall in Ecuador, the San Rafael Waterfall attracted thousands of visitors every year. The falls were located along the Coca River and were known for having abundant vegetation and butterflies.
The NASA Earth Observatory reported that the water cascading from the falls stopped flowing in early February. According to local officials, a sinkhole appeared and changed the flow of its water source. However, what caused the sinkhole remains unconfirmed.
Geologist Alfredo Carrasco speculated that earthquakes and volcanic activity in the area naturally caused the sinkhole. He mentioned that an intense earthquake in 1987 severely damaged the trans-Ecuadorian oil pipeline that goes through the area.
Contrary to that, South America Water Program coordinator Emilio Cobo suggested that a nearby hydroelectric plant that opened in 2016 triggered the sinkhole. He said that sediments from the river were likely trapped by the hydroelectric plant, which increased the erosive effect of the water.
Researchers believe that the sinkhole has changed the landscape of the region, as it turned the river into three small streams, with each one having small waterfalls. According to experts, the new waterfalls could increase the risks of landslides and potentially harm animals in the area.
Despite the massive changes that the sinkhole has caused, Ecuador’s tourism ministry said that it has no plans to restore the San Rafael Waterfall. The ministry has also prohibited tours of the falls.
Viewpoint Discussion
Enjoy a discussion with your tutor.
Discussion A
• In your opinion, which is the more likely cause of the sinkhole? Speculate.
• Do you think the San Rafael Waterfall should be restored? Why or why not?
Discussion B
• Do you think most changes in the environment are man-made? Why or why not?
• How can humans make sure that their actions will have a minimal negative impact on the environment (e.g. proper maintenance)? Discuss.